Spaying a dog The Critical things you MUST know Before you do!

Spaying a dog is a serious decision for any dog owner! Should I spay my female Shih Tzu dog? Is it dangerous? would it hurt her? Here are the answers from a fully qualified veterinarian to all those CRITICAL questions that you were worried about…

Contents

1 There are only 3 ways to spay : Here is all you wanted to know and more!
2 1.What is spaying a dog?
3 Spaying and neutering
4 Spaying procedures: How it is performed?
5 Spaying incision
6 At what age?
7 How long does a dog stay in heat?
8 Social benefits:
9 Individual benefits
10 Are there nonsurgical alternatives for sterilization or contraception of female dogs?
11 When Should You Spay or Neuter Your Dog?
12 Before surgery?
13 After surgery?
14 Cost of spaying a dog?

There are only 3 ways to spay : Here is all you wanted to know and more!

	Ovariectomy (OVE)	Ovariohysterectomy (OVH)	Hysterectomy
Also Known as	Oophorectomy Spay Castration	Spay Sterilization	Gonad sparing sterilization, Partial spay, Overy Sparing Spay (OSS)
What is it?	Surgical removal of 1 or 2 ovaries, Remove Ovaries ONLY In some cases (ovarian tumors, we can remove only 1)	Removal of BOTH Overies & Uterus	Entire Uterus is Removed, while Keeping both Ovaries intact
Advantages	Less invasive Less time consuming No more heat behavior Less predisposition to some types of cancer Calm temperament	More invasive Time consuming No more heat behavior Less predisposition to some types of cancer Calm temperament	Less predisposition to ovariectomy-induced urolithiasis, obesity Normal Behavior and activity level
Disadvantages	Rare: Vaginal discharge after surgery	Big surgical wound	Big surgical wound Females can still show heat behavior, Pseudo lactation
Risks	Uterine disease Cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH)/Pyometra if given Progestatagens Sepsis	Haemorrhage Wound infection	Haemorrhage Wound infection
How is it done?	Surgical incision into abdomen (1 or 2 bilateral incisions) Laparoscopy Locating ovaries Removal of ovaries Suture	Open surgery Laparoscopy Locating ovaries Removing ovaries Removing uterine corns suture	Laparoscopy Locating the uterine horns suture Removal of the uterine horns Abdominal suture
Where it's done?	Europe and other places, most common all over the world except in the USA	Mostly done in the USA, not done in Europe	?
Done on Breeds? (Always discuss with your Vet)	Mostly Toy breeds		Large / Giant dog breeds
Efficasy	Good	Excellent	Good
Risks/ Concerns	Urinary incontinence Obesity	Urinary incontinence Obesity	Urinary incontinence
Recovery	Fast
Cost	$150-$250	$200-$300	$200-$300
When should it be done? LIfe stage	It is better to be performed after puberty (6-9 months. Recommended in some hereditary conditions	It is better to be performed after puberty (6-9 months. Recommended in some hereditary conditions	It has a medical purpose ( Metritis, Pyometra, Birth complications)
After sugery	Check for dehydration by checking gums Follow your vet advice Don't exercise the dog TILL RECOVERY	Check for dehydration by checking gums Follow your vet advice Don't exercise the dog TILL RECOVERY	Check for dehydration by checking gums Follow your vet advice Don't exercise the dog

1.What is spaying a dog?

Spaying or ovariectomy is the most performed veterinary surgery around the world. It is a surgical operation performed to female dogs in order to eliminate heat cycles and render them unable to reproduce.

Spaying and neutering

The term “spaying” is used for female dogs. “neutering” is used for male dogs. Spaying consists of removing the ovaries to stop producing ovules and eliminate sexual hormones.

Spaying is done to healthy female dogs. In some cases, it is used for medical reasons to counter the effects of sexual hormones on the organism. Sometimes, this may be used to terminate pregnancy. That have dead foetuses or that can’t give birth normally.
Female spaying is performed much more than male dog neutering. It is a safe procedure and is widely practiced as a routine operation.

Spaying procedures: How it is performed?

Ovariectomy is only done through surgery under general anaesthesia. In ovariectomy, both ovaries are removed. Therefore, the Shih Tzu is unable to produce ovules. Sexual hormones are no longer secreted. Therefore heat behaviour stops. Sometimes, uterus should be also removed along with ovaries in certain conditions. This is called ovariohysterectomy. This is generally done when the uterus is infected or the is pregnant.

Spaying incision

Incision is about 2 or 3 inches long, it is often done following the linea alba (median ventral line of the abdomen) just below the nombril. Another approach consists of 2 incisions on the lateral side of the abdomen.

At what age?

In theory, ovariectomy may be done in young dogs as young as 2 months old. To avoid getting your female dog accidentally pregnant, spaying is advised before it reaches puberty. Puberty age is variable and depends on many factors. Female dogs reach puberty between 6 and 10 months of age.
For Toy and small breeds, spaying is scheduled at about 4 to 6 months old. Intact females and males should not be housed together 6 months of age if breeding is not desired.

Spaying must be avoided for dogs who are in heat. The reason behind that is the increased blood flow to ovaries and uterus in heat period. Blood vessels are enlarged and are likely to bleed throughout surgery.

Veterinarian generally advise owners to get their bitches spayed at least 2 months after starting heat.
Female puppies should be spayed at an early age from the same household because they may become adult at an early age. They should be spayed earlier to avoid unwanted pregnancies. To determine the best period, always talk to your veterinarian to figure out the best time to spay.

How long does a dog stay in heat?

They go into heat 2 times every year (every 6 months).
Heat lasts between 2 weeks to 1 month approximately. On average, it lasts for a mean of 3 weeks ( proestrus + oestrus ).

Pros of Spaying

Spaying has many benefits:

Social benefits:

Reduce stray dogs’ overpopulation
Avoid breeding related pets (e.g. from the same litter) or same household
Avoid breeding between dogs with incompatible sizes

Individual benefits

The dog becomes quieter.
Less risks in getting reproductive system diseases like pyometra, abortions, mammary gland cancers …
Avoid getting stray dogs attracted by the female dog in heat.
reduce aggressiveness.

What are the Cons?

Cons of Spaying

There are some complications that may follow spaying. like

Urinary incontinence;
Obesity;
Predisposition cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries.
During pregnancy risks include anaemia and dehydration.
Some may exhibit pseudopregnancy after spaying.

Are there nonsurgical alternatives for sterilization or contraception of female dogs?

Contraception is a reversible control of reproduction. It is based on the use of medicines to counter the effects of oestrogens responsible for the heat manifestations. Progesterone is the most used hormone that suppresses heat. This is a reversible contraception that may be done to schedule breeding. Spaying is more used as it guarantees permanent irreversible contraception.

When Should You Spay or Neuter Your Dog?

Weighing the pros and cons is the key to determine if you need to get your female dog spayed. Spaying is better done to females living with other dogs or females living with male dogs from the same litter or related dogs. In some conditions, there are some diseases that require ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy.

Before surgery?

Like any other surgical operation, spaying has some minor risks. Like anaesthesia and bleeding. Before surgery, your veterinarian needs to perform a complete check up to determine if it can safely undergo surgery. Sometimes, some health issues may not allow surgery like heart or kidney problems.

Also make sure not to feed anything 12-24 hours before surgery, this can be critical!

After surgery?

After surgery, the abdomen is wrapped with an elastic bandage and an E-collar is put on the neck to prevent it from licking the wound. Pain relievers are given and food and water are reduced for the next day. The wound requires a daily disinfection and it takes a minimum period of 10 days to heal. The vet prescribes antibiotics to avoid infection. In some cases, prolactin, a milk inhibiting drug can be used to inhibit lactation. The dog must avoid exercise and must be put alone until the wound heals completely.

If you notice any

Redness,
Swelling around the incision, or
If the it stops eating or becomes lethargic

contact your veterinarian immediately!.

Cost of spaying a dog?

200$ to 300$

Recovery?

Generally, few days are necessary for the dog to get back to its normal life. The wound heals completely in about 2 weeks. The hair grows back in a about a month.

The medical advice contained in this article comes from a fully qualified, Experienced, and a Trained veterinarian who has performed this condition countless times.
If your dog has any medical issue, please consult your own veterinarian for treatment and further advice!